[CONSEIL] clé autoincrémentée sous oracle

Suppose you have a database and you want each entry to be identified by a unique number. You can do this easily in mysql by specifying "auto_increment" for your number, but Oracle makes you work a little more to get it done. Here is one way to do it by creating two database objects, a sequence and a trigger. I find myself wanting to do this every now and then but not often enough that I remember the syntax from time to time, so I decided it was time to write myself up a little cheat sheet. This is an extremely basic outline, so please try it first on a test table if you don't know what you're doing.

1. Let's say we have a table called "test" with two columns, id and testdata. (This is just a dumb quick example, so I won't bother to specify any constraints on id.)


create table test (id number, testdata varchar2(255));

2. Next we'll create a sequence to use for the id numbers in our test table.


create sequence test_seq
start with 1
increment by 1
nomaxvalue;

You could change "start with 1" to any number you want to begin with (e.g. if you already have 213 entries in a table and you want to begin using this for your 214th entry, replace with "start with 214"). The "increment by 1" clause is the default, so you could omit it. You could also replace it with "increment by n" if you want it to skip n-1 numbers between id numbers. The "nomaxvalue" tells it to keep incrementing forever as opposed to resetting at some point. i (I'm sure Oracle has some limitation on how big it can get, but I don't know what that limit is).

3. Now we're ready to create the trigger that will automatically insert the next number from the sequence into the id column.


create trigger test_trigger
before insert on test
for each row
begin
select test_seq.nextval into :new.id from dual;
end;
/

Obviously you would replace "test_trigger" with something a little more meaningful for the database table you want to use it with, "test" would be your table name, and the "id" in :new.id would be replaced with the name of the column. Every time a new row is inserted into test, the trigger will get the next number in the sequence from test_seq and set the "id" column for that row to whatever the sequence number is. Note that sequences sometimes appear to skip numbers because Oracle caches them to be sure that they are always unique, so this may not be your ideal solution if it's really important that the id is exactly sequential and not just mostly sequential and always unique.



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Here are a couple of questions the above might raise. This is pretty intuitive stuff, but I'm aiming it at the Oracle newbie since no expert would be reading this page anyway.

How do you tell what sequences and triggers are already out there?


select sequence_name from user_sequences;
select trigger_name from user_triggers;

How do you get rid of a sequence or trigger you created?


drop sequence test_seq;
drop trigger test_trigger;

Again, replace test_seq and test_trigger with the specific names you used. You can also keep the trigger but disable it so it won't automatically populate the id column with every insert (and enable it again later if you want):


alter trigger test_trigger disable;
alter trigger test_trigger enable;

ah bein je me suis fais eu de vitesse

le trigger est il indispensable?